ASS (Advanced SubStation Alpha, sometimes spelled .ssa for its predecessor SubStation Alpha) is the styled-subtitle format used by Aegisub, fansubbed anime, and nearly every video player that supports advanced typesetting (VLC, MPV, mpv-style, IINA, PotPlayer). It's a section-based INI: `[Script Info]` for metadata, `[V4+ Styles]` for fonts/colors/positioning, `[Events]` for the actual `Dialogue:` lines. Captions can specify per-line styling, hard breaks (`\N`), inline override codes (`{\b1}bold{\b0}`, `{\i1}italic{\i0}`, `{\fnArial}font`), karaoke effects, and absolute screen positioning — none of which SRT or WebVTT express. Created in 2003; libass is the de-facto rendering engine across mpv, ffmpeg, and most modern players.
How to open
Aegisub is the canonical editor (free, all platforms). VLC, MPV, IINA, and PotPlayer render ASS overlays natively. ffmpeg can burn ASS into a video track or pass through as a soft subtitle stream. Any text editor opens .ass as plain UTF-8.